Apparatus for manufacture of carbon black



March 7, 1950 w. B. WIEGAND E'r-AL 2,499,437

APPARATUS FoR MANUFACTURE oF CARBON BLACK Filed sept. 12, :n.944 z'shets-sheet 1 www TTORN EYS k R RR..

mais,

lNvEN oas I WILLAM D.WIE&AND Palma, HAROLD A. BRAENDLE March 7, 1950 w. B. wlEGAND ET AL 2,499,437-

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OF CARBON BLACK Filed Sept. 12, 1944 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 D No ,M SAN. Rae m mw v.. NBA m Mo mm L mmm m WH m an @a e@ Patented Mar. 7, 1950 *APPARATUS FR MANUFACTUREOF "CARBON -N/Vlliamf.Wiegand, Old Greenwich,..0onn.,.'and 'Harold AtBraendle, Garden City,V NLY., assigni '.1ors'to'.Colunhian Carbon Company, NewYork, N; Y.,"aicorpuratoni ofl Delaware Appuetimrseptemter 12, 11944; Seraphim-553,784?

T51 ?1`h-is L invention rela-testo `they` manufacture ,-of carbon l' black, andi more particularly to aan lixn- 'proved@apparatus4 especially: adapted Jfor .use in carrying vout ainovelprocess for:.the..manufacture `of :carbo-neblackf-fzdescribediin'four copendi-ngiap- ,-plication Serial No.--.. 553,Z81,1ed September :12,

' The vutility of the -ffapparatus of Vourfpresent invention` is, howl/evennot: restricted.towthe yparticular operatingtconditions described. in saidiappli'catio'n. .f-An =afdvantageref` the :apparatus of .our present invent-ion.A is .its iiexibility -ffwith respect :to: the: range ofits; operating? fconditionsanda-the character of the carbon .blaekgwhichfmayebe .produced therein l.bywzairying such conditions y,.'tlcco'rding Y touthe process described in our said ico-pending ffappli'cation, rfa hydrocarbon i-gas,

therein referred rito'as f make gggas., Y ected ,-at

tinuedlthrouglhthe unobstructedrreaction cham- `ber 'at'. a high velocityr-and` in v:afhign-:state:of turtibulence,fandiV aba-:temperature such thatfduring fits passagetherethroughathe.make gasnist'decomposed by the heat of combustion:tov Lform-carbon fparticles .in ssuspensionzrin the v:gaseous rt-stream. @The mixtureflof gfgases :sandssuspended .carbonffis maintained-feat anaelevated"temperatureor apprescribed period i oftimef.fand is ithereatterfcooled 'andi the carbonzseparated .and'zcol-lectedfbyscon- .wentionalmeans Our improvedvappa-ratus will "be specifically described :and illustrated wherein @with referenceito anoperationofithetypetherein Hderstoodfithat 'stheA utility.` of thevapparatus :is: vnot -so limited.

rlngeneral, `the apparatus:of-fouragpresent infvention @comprises aan elongated, #unobstructed *reaction chamber, :providedflatl .one :end rvvitha Iburner.block:ftlurough fwhich;` passes #one orsmore V^make gas Vinjection tubes, flanked :lon-reactie side wby burnerports. .The apparatusisgprovided with means for fblastingwai combustible@ gaseous mixture, :for :instances-a i'mixture yofvtuel gasv andfiair through @the -Iburner ports :at Jv high 'velocity sin na y f dire ctionf.:substantially :parallel :to the longitudi- ;nal-;zaxis: of '5ft-hel reaction 'zc-hamber," the rmake; gas "inflection :tubes falsolfextendingfrsubstantiallyapar- --allel-to fthe longitudinal axis'offathe chamber.

r'Ihe transverse? sectional Lareaeof diheireaction l isclaims. (cras-:259.53

T2 .chamber yis so,- proportioned with Y respect "to f the numherlandszegoi the make gasi injection" tubes ,andofJ-the burner porta. asto t causev the-gaseous mixture to pass Athrough' 'the `Areaction. chamber 5 .at .a velocitysuchas ewill produce vthe required ,stateofcturbulence,` whenthe` .makergas and com- `hustible blast .gas mixturegare supplied r.under the-prescribedconditions. ",The'. length' of `the re- .action .chamber .is.so proportioned with respect toothe,Velocityo'flithe,gasespassing'f therethrough, asito .provide lthepecessarytimej factor 'for lthe reaction. the 'size'an'd proportionscofv the Various .elements J of' v`i'.he'appa'ratusare subject 'to considerable variation, depending upon" 'thezcapac'ity ofthe apparatus ,andotheroperating conditions, ashereinafterjdescribed.

The .apparatuslofv our .presentinvention `Will be i moreifullyldescribedfandillustrated by reference tothe'.accompanyingcdrawngs, Which represent f a; practical, ,commercialsized ernl'lodimentv 'theref of. It will be understood; howeverfthatthe 'inventonyis notlimited fto the particular arrange- ...ment "and proportions of "the .elements there shown.

Fig. Lofthe accompanyingfdrawings is a horizOntal-,sectional 1View v.of fthe apparatus;

QFig. .2 l a vertica1,"llongitudinal View :along theilineiQZ-.ZJ

LFigJlS is anlenlargd longitudinal sectional'view '30 -of L the burner assembly Aalong A the broken 'line Fig 4 `isan enlargedtransverse 'sectionalview cflthe burner assemblyalongthe linef4-*l'of .grg

.'"Figf is 'ahorizontal sectionalyiew of VFig. l3 along line ti-6.

"The 'I apparatus specifically l'illustrated f in *the l'cornbine'din'a singleunit. ""I-IoWeVer, itwil1be understood "that Where desirable, y"en'trfi=;ly 1 'separate arid'independent'reactionchambers may* be employed AMFurther, "it: \is"ntesseritia1 ithat f the ffti'omas shown-in the drawings. fRea'ctionfchambers fof 'cylindricalfshape for"instance,Vy maybe employed v the drawings, three parallel reaction chambersrifl,

:offrectangular .crosssectiongare shown. Burner :and: make gasg `finec'tionsassen'lbliestzfare secured fto 'f1-the entrance izend 'f-.of :the r'rrespective f'reaction chambers. Atltheirfexitnerids, the reaction cham- 'sbers communicate @with :sa sfsoecalled, :blending chamber 3. The effluent from chamber 3 passes to and through the nume ll and thence to a precooler indicated at 5. The chambers I and 3 are lined with nre brick and are well insulated against loss of heat. More specifically the outer vertical walls of the outer reaction chambers I and of the blending chamber 3 are constructed of two 41/2 inch thicknesses of re brick 6 covered by two 41/2 inch thicknesses of heat insulating material ll, all enclosed in a sheet metal casing 8. The inner vertical walls of the two outer reaction chambers I and both Vertical walls of the inner reaction chamber I are similarly constructed except for the omission of one of the layers of insulation.

The fiume d is of -cylindrical cross-section and is constructed of a single thi-ckness of nre brick `9, 41/2 inches in thickness enclosed in a sheet metal casing ID, and is otherwise uninsulated against loss of heat. matically represented at 5, may be of any conventional design and leads to conventional cooling and collecting equipment, not shown in the drawings.

The flume Il is equipped with a series of water sprays conveniently spaced along the length of the fiume, as indicated at I I. These water sprays are connected in conventional manner with a suitable source of water, the connections being provided with separate control valves `as indicated at l2. The water sprays should be so positioned and used in such a way as to provide effective control of the time factor, and adequate flexlbility to meet varied operating conditions as hereinafter more fully described.

The roof I3 and oor I4 of the chambers I and 3 are constructed of 12 inch thicknesses of lire brick. The roof is suspended in a conventional manner and is covered with a l" thickness of heat insulating material surmounted by a sheet metal casing.

The burner assemblies 2, as more clearly shown in Figs. 3 to 6, inclusive, 0f the drawings comprise a refractory burner block l5 adapted to t into the entrance to chamber l and having burner ports I6 extending therethrough, the ports being flared at their forward end. Intermediate the ports I6 the burner block is provided with ports extending therethrough in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the respective burner ports and adapted to receive make gas injection tubes I'I of refractory material and to permit tubes I7 to be moved backwards or forwards through the port as subsequently described. Tubes I1, as shown, project a substantial distance to the rear of the burner block, extending through openings in metal plate I8 into the wind box I9. Tubes 28 vof metal, ared at their rearward end, also extend through openings in plate I8, to which they are securely fastened as by Welding, and are positioned and supported by the plate. The forward ends of the tubes Zll project into the blast ports I6 and advantageously are cemented to the ports to secure a tight fit. Centrally positioned at the entrance of each of the tubes 28 is a fuel nozzle 2l connected by tube 22 tothe fuel gas manifold 23 to which fuel gas is supplied under pressure through pipe 24 from any convenient source.

The make gas injection tubes Il are connected with the make gas manifolds 25 by means of metal tubes 25A which are secured to the rear- Ward ends of the refractory tubes Il, as by cementing. Make gas is supplied to manifolds 25 The pre-cooler diagramfrom a suitable source, not shown, through tubes 26.

Air for admixing with the fuel gas to form the combustible mixture is supplied under pressure to the wind box I9 from any convenient source through air duct 2'I and air chamber 21a. The side walls 28 of the wind box are of impervious sheet metal and are secured to flange 29 by con- -ventional means, for instance, by welding or by riveting. The flange 29 is in turn fastened to plate I8, advantageously by bolting or the like, so as to provide ready access to the interior of the wind box and the elements therein, for purposes of cleaning, repair, and replacement. By like means, the ange 29 and plates I8 are removably fastened to the rearward walls 38 of the respective reaction chambers.

So `as to insure uniform distribution of the incoming air to the respective burner ports, the air entering the wind box is, with advantage, caused to pass through perforations of the perforated metal plate 3l, held in position between the flanges 32 and 33 secured to the air chamber 21a and the walls 28 of the wind box, respectively, and by means of which the two are joined as by bolts. In lieu of the perforated plate 3l, or as a supplement thereto, even distribution of air to the respective burner ports may be assured by longitudinally extending the wind box as indi- Y cated in Figs. 3 and 6 of the drawings.

Also, as shown more clearly in Figs. 3 and 6, the air chamber 21a is with advantage enlarged to the transverse dimensions of the wind box and the rear end of this chamber 21a sealed by a removable plate 34 held in place as by flanges 35.

The plate 34 is provided with openings adapted to permit the passage therethrough of fuel gas conduit 24'and make gas conduits 26.

As shown particularly in Fig. 4 of the drawings, the fuel gas manifold 23 is supported by brackets 36 and is adapted to be moved longitudinally so as to adjust the position of nozzles 2I with respect to the entrance ends of tube 20 without interrupting operation. The make gas manifolds 25 are supported by the conduits 26 and the plates 3| and 34, and are likewise adapted to longitudinal movement whereby the position of the exit end of tubes I'I may be adjusted with respect to the face of the burner block without stopping the operation of the furnace.

As appears more clearly from Fig. 5 of the drawings, each of the make gas injection tubes I1 is anked on all sides by blast ports I6.

In the operation of this. apparatus, in accordance with the process described in our said copending application, the fuel gas under pressure of about 10 lbs. per square inch is supplied through line 24, header 23 and connections 22 to the nozzles 2I, and is jetted thereby into and through the burner port I6. Air for combustion is supplied under pressure through conduit 2'! and air chamber 21a to the wind box I9 and passes at high velocity through the burner port I6. In passing through the burner ports, the air and fuel gas are intimately and uniformly admixed. The air and fuel gas thus supplied are so proportioned that the combustible mixture issuing from the burner ports contains oxygen and fuel gas in proportions to produce a so-called oxidizing, neutral or reducing blast name, as may be desired.

The combustible mixture is ignited at the exit of the burner ports to form a violently turbulent blast flame. In order to produce a blast ame of the violent turbulencev required, it is necessary that the combustible mixture be blasted=through injection tubes I1, and is injectedat velocity; as previously described, intcfthe -violently turbulentbla-st-flariie ga's'e's. Theistructure offt ernake' gas; streams appears to' persistlir a-I-briefiperied? andthen themas-esas' rapidlyl becbmesiriti-inateiif admixedl withv the blast Afname' gases;-

niix-A ture f continues at' -hi'gh i/"elcit'y4 and high* turbu-v f lence' through the chamber' I and" fromtlf'ence` passes inte `the blending' chamber 3i;- wherein'tnegaseous mixtures from the respective reaction` chambers become adnixedidv'antaigeuslfyi' transverse sectnalara ofblhdihgchambe greater than thesur'nmatn of? theft'ransverse areas-ofthechamber I, seas-atb"proti'deraddii tional time factor at the elevated" temperature;

The cost off constructionriiaybe materiallifff-reduced by providing' anerllarge'd blending chamber of the type shown; butitsiuseisino't an ess'e'ntialf feature of thefpresen' Ven'tion.-

Itis important' tha fthe'gaseousinixturef resulting from the' injectioriofthe mak" glas'iintlthef blast ame gases be maintained in'f az stette of violent-turbulence for-an :extendediperieuioftime-2 Duringthis period offvioleiiti'turbulerice; tHe-ad mixture mustbe maintainedata temperature at which activede'cornbositoriofmakigas will occur, Such' a| temprature s'hiild" alsofbefriiaiiv tained for a period of time foll sary* period-offviolent*turbulence J Subsequent period iti' isf' rot esserltalZ thatthe? ViolentL tbuleIit4` coditioli be' liiaint'ail'u-l.lr- A' cordingly, it-'is permis'sibleto1*e'dice the velocity? of the gaseous mixture and sifspended-carbon by passing it througha; socal-letal)v blending fchaiber off increased transverse secbnafarea" provide the necessary time factor 'atvthe r'eqiiirediterhpera'-L ture.

Leavingl the' blending1 chain-ber; the ygaset'ms mixturev passes through the f iur'ne 4' in which' there is so'rn'e loss' 'of heat" vfrom` the mixture' through the substantially urilirisulated walls' thereof., andY iu' which; the reaetiorietime factorY may Ybe suddemy; terminatedby cooling the" misture to" b`e1ow the reaction tez'rpertur'e, as bv spraying', with Water. Advahtag'eoislv; the .iifuihe is substantially smaller'. in?transversesectional area thanthe blending chambereso as te, provide more accurate.-controlA of` the duration. of the period during `whicl'i the.' gas) and suspended carbon mixture. is maintainedat-a reaction ftemperature; By means of waterfspraysspaced alongn the flume;`v the time Jf actor :ma-y 'be: adjusted by the"V selective use of :a LWaterspray sofpostione'din the? fiume as to provide the optimum-time factor' befere'eeenteet of tirehetliuixturewiuiztiiewatesf sprays arev shownl` in the' drawings? However; itil Will be understood that/additionalsliays spce' Whichf niafy be off any conventional design; a dfsystem; which rriayfy also bey ofceriveiitioriaii latedv in* the apparatus' shOW'lfl# by adjustingthe? 1 undensonielOperating'cbnditioiis, be positioned fllisli" with the face 0f the'lvburrer blclj o'r ev'n'i slightly recessedf 1 crea'singthe prefjeetionlof' the'inaliergasftubesint'of'th'ereactionfcharhber I-oii'rever,v extension off these tubes b'ey'ohd about y12-inches'is usuallylul' Thelpo'iiit of make ga'siinjectio'should rbe coin'- pletely surround'edby blast/dames.v This is' ac# complished in the apparatus illustrated bysur-l rounding thetub'es l1by'blastfla'me' ports Ibi,I so that the entire" assembly forms' a' uniform' patitern'.

One feature' of such a balanced distribution' isthatfthi'oughthis-means; Wide' Variationin loadv is'y possible Without necessitating substantial re= adjustrnetof other operating conditions', sinceT a'ich'a'nge in loa'dnvolves af directl chan'gein velo;- citiesifand thus the rapidity ofI uniformv distri? buti'on of i" the iiiake gas inthef blast 'arne gases: isisubstantially' unchanged. Thus; thismethodo'fy make gas as injection has, in some'instances; aff deniteadvantagefover the" injection of the make 55 g'as' intdthe blast" a'me at' a* substantial a'ngl* from the" direction of flow of theblast gases;-

Theccrnpc'sition and structureof the furnace-` lining "should be such as willvvitli'stand itemperal' tures ofthe order of ZQ'OGF. orhiglierunder-oXi-l' 6'0 dizfng`r`l conditions; though'V terripeiatiiresV higher than about 250G-2600"?FLy are riot-v generally" ehe" countere'd in" operations lof" the type described.

In" the vrpaltcmail" aplialatusls'liow irl'fthe'di" ities;- each' offthe'turee reacties' chambers isf ab uti Where the enlargement of( the chamber' begins;-

and are 1'7v inches' Wide and S'fe'et 2.5 inches hig From theV front end of'- the central refactih chamber' toV theentrar'ice` of the fiume is` ap'- the?blending'chaniberlisi3 feet 1.1i5:i'nchesi- The 75 fiumeiissfvfeet.Gzinchesinsid diameteraandrabout 7 25 feet long. Each burner block is provided with 8 make gas injection tubes of 1 inch inside diameter and 42 burner ports, the throat of each port being 1% inches in diameter.

A greater or lesser number of make gas injection tubes and of burner p-orts may be used, so long as the make gas tubes are flanked on all sides by blast ports. By this arrangement of the make gas injection tubes each separate stream of make gas is initially treated individually. Further, by this arrangement, the surrounding walls of the reaction chamber are protected from contact with concentrated make gas, which contact would result in the formation and deposition of coke thereon.

As previously noted, the relative proportions and arrangement of the various elements of the apparatus are subject to considerable variation. For example, a second apparatus embodying the principal of the present invention, which has been used to advantage, comprised a single cylindrical reaction chamber having an inside diameter of 9 inches and constructed of two 41/2 inch layers of lire brick, and two 41/2 inch layers of insulating brick. The total length of the unit, measured from the entrance end of the reaction chamber to the water spray cooler was 24 feet. The burner block was circular and was provided with 8 blast ports of 1 inch diameter throats uniformly spaced about a centrally proportioned 1 inch inside diameter Carbofrax make gas injection tube passing through the center of the burner block and terminating at a point slightly beyond the face thereof.

Satisfactory results have also been obtained in furnaces comprising a single rectangular reaction chamber 11 inches wide, 24 inches high, and varying from 16 feet to 24 feet in length from which the carbon black suspension passed directly to a chamber such as the iiume shown in the drawings.

The length of the reaction chamber will be governed primarily by the velocity at which the gases are to be passed therethrough, and should be sufficient to provide the necessary time factor. We have found, generally, that the unobstructed reaction chamber should extend at least feet, and preferably not less than about '7 feet, beyond the point of the make gas injection. Where a single reaction chamber is used the blending chamber may, with advantage, be omitted and the reaction chamber elongated to provide the necessary time factor for the entire operation. In apparatus, such as shown in the drawings, reaction chambers of about 14 fee-t in length have been used with advantage. Particularly where enlarged blending chambers are not employed, the length of the reaction chamber may, with advantage, be as great as about 20 to 25 feet.

Where blending chambers are employed, the enlargement in cross-sectional area should not be so great as to permit the establishment of large eddies Within the chamber which might cause a retention of a portion of the carbon in the chamber for a period of time so prolonged as to detrimentally affect the products. Optimum transverse dimensions of the blending chambers, when employed, will depend upon the rate at which the gaseous mixture is to be supplied theretc. and the length will depend upon the period of time required for the completion of the reacti-on, of which the velocity of the gases passing through the zone is an important factor.

In order to provide adequate velocity for the required turbulence in the conned zone, herein designated reaction chamber, and, at the same time, provide the required reaction time at high temperature, it has been found desirable to maintain the ratio of total volume of the reaction zone and blending chamber, in cubic feet, to cross sectional area of reaction chamber or chambers, expressed as square feet, in the range of 20 to cubic feet per square foot. Thus, a ratio of about 35:1 has been used in apparatus such as shown in the drawings. Particularly desirable results are obtained in commercial units in which this ratio is within the range of 30:1 to 70:1.

Burner heads adapted to deliver the combustible mixture to the reaction chamber at a blast port throat velocity in the range of 35 to 135 feet per second, based on volume measured at 60 F. and an absolute pressure of 30 inches of mercury, have been found desirable in large scale units. Burners adapted to throat velocities of about feet per second have been found particularly satisfactory.

Satisfactory operation has been obtained in units having a total burner port throat area of 3% to 28% of the transverse sectional area of the reaction chamber. The combustible mixture may be supplied to the burner block premixed or may be admixed at the burner. Burner port areas of about 121/2% have been found especially advantageous with nozzle mixing burners, and areas of about 7 to 10% have been found particularly advantageous where the gas and air have been premixed before passing to the burner. In large units, burner port areas of 7% to 25% of the tranverse sectional area of the reaction chamber is generally recommended.

The reaction chamber and also the blending chamber, when used, should be thoroughly heat insulated so as to avoid any substantial loss of heat by the gas stream during the reaction.

Further, the ports in the burner block, through which the make gas injection tubes l1 project, should be suiciently greater in diameter than the outer diameter of the tube I1 to permit lateral adjustment of the tubes. The fit between the port and the tube should be substantially gas-tight,

and advantageously conventional packing, adapted to withstand the elevated temperature, may be employed.

The total transverse sectional area of the make gas injection tubes is subject to considerable variation, depending primarily upon the number of tubes used and the capacity of the apparatus. We have found it desirable to use make gas injection tubes of about 1 inch inside diameter. Make gas injection tubes of le to 2 inches I. D. may be used with advantage.

It appears that Where the make gas is injected into the blast flame gases in accordance with the operation of our present apparatus and under the operating conditions herein described, the stream or streams of make gas remain in contact with the blast llame gases substantially undispersed therein for a brief interval sucient to eiect partial pyrolysis of the make gas in a relatively concentrated form, i. e. without substantial dilution of the make gas with the flame gases, but immediately following this brief interval, during which partial pyrolysis is effected, the make gas becomes intimately dispersed in the blast flame gases before the reaction has been permitted to proceed to completion. The apparatus has been found particularly desirable in the production of carbon black by the decomposition of natural gas enriched by the addition 'of 75 higher hydrocarbons.

ging into :the elongated hamper in a.;

I duction of carbon black Whichmomprises. an

elongated, unobstructed chamber adapted to withstandihigh temperatures and of'substantially uniform cro-ss-section, a-,burner block positioned infonezensiaof the chamber;.aswind-boxaenclosins the outer-end of the burner blc k,.;a tubular member extending through said .burner block ,fand :,openingdnto the elongated chamber inqadirec- :tion substantially parallel, to the longitudinalfaxis of I'the chamber, apluralityofburner ;ports exltendine throushsad ,burner block. symmetrially positioned .about said tubularmember d fopend reeton substantially parallel to t e longitudinal axis of the chamber, a fuel gas nozzle positioned in the wind-box at the outer end of each burner port, spaced from the port and adapted to inject a fuel gas through the port, conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the fuel gas nozzles, conduit means for supplying air to the Wind-box and separate conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the tubular member.

2. Apparatus particularly adapted to the production of carbon black which comprises an elongated, unobstructed chamber adapted to withstand high temperatures and of substantially uniform cross-section, a burner block positioned in one end of the chamber, a wind-box enclosing the outer end of the burner block, a plurality of tubular members extending through said burner block and opening into the chamber in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber and uniformly spaced over the area of the face of the burner block, a plurality of burner ports extending through said burner block, symmetrically positioned about each said tubular member and opening into the elongated chamber in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, a fuel gas nozzle positioned in the wind-box at the outer end of each burner port, spaced from the port and adapted to inject a fuel gas through the port, conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the fuel gas nozzles, conduit means for supplying air to the Wind-box and separate conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the tubular members.

3. Apparatus particularly adapted to the production of carbon black which comprises an elongated, unobstructed chamber adapted to withstand high temperatures and of substantially uniform cross-section, a burner block positioned in one end of the chamber, a wind-box enclosing the outer end of the burner block, a plurality of burner ports extending through said burner block opening into the elongated chamber in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, and arranged in a uniform pattern across the face of the burner block, a fuel gas nozzle positioned in the Windbox at the outer end of each burner port, spaced from the burner port and adapted to inject a fuel gas through the burner port, a plurality of tubular members extending through said burner block, opening into the chamber in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, arranged in a uniform pattern across the face of the burner block so that each tubular member is surrounded by a uniform pattern of burner ports, conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the fuel gas nozzles, conduit means for supplying air to the wind- .felongated, zunobstructed v,chamber adapted :to

withstand 4zhigh :temperatures .and :of .substan- .ztially 4uniform cross-section, arbnrner block po- `sitione'd 5 in one :end of the rchamber, a wind-'box enclosing :the outer-.end .ofthe rburner block, .fa

ztubular member l extending vthrough v,said :burner .zzblock 4and opening finto :the .elongated chamber in a direction substantiallyparallel` toithelongitudinal axis of the chamber, a plurality of burner portsfextending through-said burner block, symmetrically/.lpositionedvabout said tubular member and opening into the elongated chamber in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, a fuel gas nozzle positioned in the wind-box at the outer end of each burner port, spaced from the port and adapted to inject a fuel gas through the port, conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the fuel gas nozzles, conduit means for supplying air to the wind-box and separate conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the tubular member, said tubular member projecting past the face of the burner block into the end of the elongated chamber.

5. Apparatus particularly adapted to the production of carbon black which comprises an elongated, unobstructed chamber adapted to withstand high temperatures and of substantially uniform cross-section, a burner block positioned in one end of the chamber, a wind-box enclosing the outer end of the burner block, a tubular member extending through said burner block and opening into the elongated chamber in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, a plurality of burner ports extending through said burner block, symmetrically positioned about said tubular member and opening into the elongated chamber in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, a fuel gas nozzle positioned in the wind-box at the outer end of each burner port, spaced from the port and adapted to inject a fuel gas through the port, conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the fuel gas nozzles, conduit means for supplying air to the wind-box and separate conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the tubular member,

said tubular member projecting past the face of ber in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber and uniformly spaced over the area of the face of the burner block, a plurality of burner ports extending through said burner block, symmetrically positioned about each said tubular member and opening into the elongated chamber in a direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, a fuel gas nozzle positioned in the wind-box at the outer end of each burner port, spaced from the port and adapted to inject a fuel gas through the port, conduit means for supp1y ing a gaseous medium to the fuel gas nozzles, conduit means for supplying air to the Wind-box, separate conduit means for supplying a gaseous medium to the tubular members, the diameter of the throat of the burner ports being not less than Vg inch and not greater than 21/2 inches, the total transverse area of the burner ports being Within the range of 3% to 28% the transverse area of the chamber and the inside diameter of the make gas injection tubes being not less than 1/2 inch, nor greater than 2 inches.

WILLIAM B. WIEGAND. HAROLD A. BRAENDLE.

12 REFERENCES CITED The following references 'are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Rumbarger Dec. 27, 1921 Beck May 30, 1933 Cone Mar. 6, 1934 Klees June 4, 1935 Rembert May 5, 1936 Furlong Dec. 13, 1938 Reed June 27, 1939 Heller et a1. Apr. 15, 1941 Hanson et a1. Feb. 16, 1945 

1. APPARATUS PARTICULARLY ADAPTED TO THE PRODUCTION OF CARBON BLACK WHICH COMPRISES AN ELONGATED, UNOBSTRUCTED CHAMBER ADAPTED TO WITHSTAND HIGH TEMPERATURES AND OF SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORM CROSS-SECTION, A BURNER BLOCK POSITIONED IN ONE END OF THE CHAMBER, A WIND-BOX ENCLOSING THE OUTER END OF THE BURNER BLOCK, A TUBULAR MEMBER EXTENDING THROUGH SAID BURNER BLOCK AND OPENING INTO THE ELONGATED CHAMBER IN A DIRECTION SUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF THE CHAMBER, A PLURALITY OF BURNER PORTS EXTENDING THROUGH SAID BURNER BLOCK, SYMMETRICALLY POSITIONED ABOUT SAID TUBULAR MEMBER AND OPEN- 